While middle-class reformers advocated for clean walls uncluttered by dust-collecting ornaments, working-class tenants adorned their homes with an abundance of images. Residents used free advertising items like calendars to brighten otherwise plain walls. Even after they expired, calendars were kept year after year for their ornamental value.
Tenants also decorated with trade cards, illustrations torn out of magazines, cheap chromolithographs, and engravings. The use of these adornments, argues historian Lizabeth Cohen, reflected both traditional European values, which prized ornate decoration, and the ready availability of inexpensive, mass-produced goods.
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